Introduction

Overview Administrivia More Languages! Setup Student Voice

Reference

Visual Studio Code VSC Cloning replit.com Git Gitlab Setup Using GitLab VSC GitLab Terminal;GitLab

1. Basic Operations

Basic Operations Binary Recap Basic Operations Floating Point Numbers Basic Operations - Summary Basic Operations - Task Sheet 1 Basic Operations - Task Sheet 2

2. Memory

Memory The Stack Methods & Frames Stack Step By Step Recursion Primitives Vs Objects I The Heap Primitives Vs Objects II Frame Detail Summary Java Memory Exercise

3. C Programming

The C Programming Language C Basics C Variables C Branching & Loops C Operators C Functions C Strings C Input/Output C Code Organisation C Programming - Task Sheet

4. C Memory

C Memory C Pointers C Arrays C Lab Session 2

5. C Struct

C Data Structures C Struct Pointer Guide

C Linked Lists Exercises 1 External Pages Pointers To Pointers Doubly Linked Lists Doubly Linked Lists Node Based Stacks Stacks - Node Based Exercises 2 Trees Binary Trees Binary Search Trees Exercises 2

7. Assembly Language

Assembly PC Hardware Assembly Environment Setup Assembly Basics Registers System Calls Variables & Constants Arithmetic Logic Conditions Loops Exercises Numbers Procedures & The Stack Debugging Assembly Generating Assembly From C

Assembly Environment Setup

We will be using NASM (Netwide Assembler) to compile some assembly language code.

NASM is installed in replit.com by default. You can use it from the terminal window/command line in replit.com.

However replit.com doesn’t directly support Assembly language so we have to take a few steps to get it to run. I’ll provide you with a starting template for exercises but if you want to create your own here are the steps.

Create a new c project in replit.com
Select the terminal window and run rm main.c - we are writing assembly, not c, we don’t need it.
Create a new file called main.asm - asm for assembly. You won’t get coloured highlighting but we’ll manage.
Create a new file called main.sh and put the following in it

nasm -f elf -o main.o main.asm
ld -m elf_i386 -s -o main main.o
./main

Create a new file called .replit (don’t forget the .). Put the following in it
```
run="sh main.sh"
```
Run your code by pressing the green triangle button as normal

Alternatively you can enter those three lines in the terminal every time you want to run the code. Creating the shell file is easier.

NB if you create an assembly file called something other than main.asm you’ll need to change the contents of main.sh to match.

nasm -f elf main.asm - nasm compiles the code, the -f elf flag tells the compiler the code is written in 32 bit PC assembly. This setting can be changed for other types of assembly (eg -f elf64 for 64 bit PC assembly), but we will stick with -f elf. It generates an object file with the name defined by the -o flag. -o main.o causes the file to be called main.o. -o bob.o would make an object file called bob.o even if the source file is still called main.asm.

ld -m elf_i386 -s -o main main.o links the object file with the required libraries to produce an executable. -m elf_i386 specifies the target machine (32 bit PC). Again -o specifies the output file name.

Local Installations

NASM is available for any Linux system or Linux emulator for PC/Mac. There are other assemblers available that generally go by the name *ASM. MASM is a Microsoft assembler for example.

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